Material Safety Data Sheet: 1,4-Dichlorobutane

Identification

Product Name: 1,4-Dichlorobutane
Chemical Formula: C4H8Cl2
CAS Number: 110-56-5
Synonyms: Tetramethylene dichloride, Butylene dichloride
Recommended Use: Chemical intermediate, laboratory reagent
Supplier: Chemical distribution companies
Emergency Contact: Refer to local and regional poison control centers; see company emergency hotline

Hazard Identification

GHS Classification: Flammable liquid (Category 3), Skin irritation (Category 2), Eye irritation (Category 2A), Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure (Category 3)
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, toxic by inhalation, causes skin and eye irritation, may cause respiratory irritation, flammable liquid and vapor
Pictograms: Flame, Exclamation mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapor or mist, keep away from heat and open flames, store in well-ventilated areas, wear protective gloves and eye protection, wash thoroughly after handling, avoid release to the environment

Composition / Information on Ingredients

Chemical Name: 1,4-Dichlorobutane
CAS Number: 110-56-5
Concentration: 98–100%
Impurities: Individual manufacturers may include trace organochlorines or residual solvents in minor quantities (typically less than 1%) depending on production process

First Aid Measures

Inhalation: Move affected person to fresh air, keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing, seek medical attention if symptoms persist (coughing, sore throat, dizziness)
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, immediately wash exposed skin with soap and water, seek medical advice if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, seek prompt medical attention
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, seek medical help immediately, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person
Most Important Symptoms/Effects: Irritation of skin, mucous membranes, central nervous system depression (headache, tiredness, confusion)

Fire-Fighting Measures

Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide, avoid using water jets as they may spread fire
Specific Hazards During Fire-Fighting: Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air, emits hydrogen chloride, phosgene, and other toxic gases when burning
Protective Equipment for Fire-Fighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing
Special Fire-Fighting Procedures: Cool containers exposed to flames with water spray, remove sources of ignition, use water mist to reduce vapors

Accidental Release Measures

Personal Precautions: Evacuate non-essential personnel, provide good ventilation, avoid contact with skin and eyes, avoid inhaling vapor
Protective Equipment: Wear gloves, goggles, protective clothing, use suitable respiratory protection in confined or poorly ventilated spaces
Environmental Precautions: Prevent product from entering drains, surface water, or soil
Methods for Cleaning Up: Absorb spill with inert material (such as dry sand or earth), collect and place in suitable container for proper disposal, ventilate area, wash residues with soap and water
Spill Reporting: Notify emergency services for large spills or potential environmental contamination

Handling and Storage

Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas, avoid breathing vapors, prevent contact with skin and eyes, keep away from heat, spark, and open flame, wash hands thoroughly after handling
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a dry, cool, well-ventilated area, store away from light, incompatible chemicals, oxidizers, strong acids and bases, maintain temperature below 30°C, keep out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel
Special Precautions: Use bonding and grounding for bulk transfer to avoid static accumulation

Exposure Controls and Personal Protection

Exposure Limits: No established OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV for 1,4-Dichlorobutane; use as low as reasonably achievable exposure limit
Engineering Controls: Use explosion-proof local exhaust ventilation, provide eyewash stations and safety showers in work areas
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile or butyl rubber), splash-proof goggles, flame-resistant lab coat or chemical suit, respiratory protection (organic vapor cartridge respirator) if ventilation is inadequate
Hygiene Measures: Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse, wash hands and face after handling, no eating or drinking in work areas

Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance: Clear, colorless or slightly yellow liquid
Odor: Mild, sweet, chloroform-like odor
Odor threshold: Not established
Boiling Point: 160–162°C (320–324°F)
Melting Point: Approx. –47°C (–52°F)
Flash Point: 53–55°C (127–131°F) (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: 3 mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: 4.3 (air = 1)
Relative Density: 1.171 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in most organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 2.2
Autoignition Temperature: 310°C (590°F)
Evaporation Rate: Slower than ether
Upper/Lower Explosion Limits: 1.7%–11% (v/v) in air
Viscosity: Not established

Stability and Reactivity

Chemical Stability: Stable at normal temperatures and pressures, decomposes at elevated temperatures
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizing agents, bases, and alkali metals
Hazardous Reactions: May accumulate static electricity, forms flammable and toxic decomposition products under heat or fire
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, static discharge, prolonged exposure to light
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide

Toxicological Information

Primary Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin and eye contact, ingestion
Acute Toxicity: LC50 (inhalation, rat): 10750 mg/m³/4h; LD50 (oral, rat): 2890 mg/kg; LD50 (dermal, rabbit): >2000 mg/kg
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Causes moderate irritation
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes moderate to severe eye irritation
Respiratory or Skin Sensitization: May cause respiratory irritation; not known as a skin sensitizer
Specific Target Organ Toxicity: May affect central nervous system with high exposures (headache, drowsiness, fatigue)
Carcinogenicity: Not recognized as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Mutagenicity: No adverse mutagenic effects observed in standard tests
Reproductive Toxicity: No conclusive reproductive or developmental toxicity data
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure may cause liver, kidney, or nervous system damage

Ecological Information

Toxicity to Aquatic Life: LC50 (96h, fish): ~50 mg/L, moderate toxicity to aquatic organisms
Persistence and Degradability: Not readily biodegradable; moderate environmental persistence
Bioaccumulative Potential: Log Kow of 2.2 suggests potential for moderate bioconcentration
Mobility in Soil: Mobile in soils, could reach groundwater if released widely
Other Adverse Effects: Not classified as toxic to the ozone layer, avoid uncontrolled releases to the environment

Disposal Considerations

Waste Disposal Methods: Follow local, regional, and national regulations; incinerate contaminated materials in a chemical incinerator with afterburner and scrubber, contact licensed waste disposal companies
Contaminated Packaging: Empty containers may retain hazardous residue, triple rinse and dispose of according to hazardous waste regulations; do not reuse containers for food or drinking water
Precautions: Prevent product from entering drains or waterways during disposal, use sealed, labeled containers for collection

Transport Information

UN Number: UN 2810
Proper Shipping Name: 1,4-Dichlorobutane, Liquid, N.O.S.
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substance)
Packing Group: III
Label(s): Toxic; keep away from foodstuffs
Special Precautions: Avoid transport with incompatible materials (oxidizers, flammable substances), secure containers to prevent leaks or spills, provide emergency information with shipment

Regulatory Information

TSCA (USA): Listed
EC Number: 203-814-1
REACH Status (EU): Registered substance
OSHA (USA): Hazardous chemical under 29 CFR 1910.1200
SARA Title III: Not subject to Section 313 reporting
WHMIS (Canada): Class B2 (Flammable Liquids), Class D2B (Toxic Materials)
DSL (Canada): Listed
Other Regulations: Conform with relevant regional and national inventory requirements and environmental release restrictions; reference country-specific workplace safety standards for further obligations